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What is catnip, and is it safe? What pet-owning families need to know before using it

What is catnip, and is it safe? What pet-owning families need to know before using it

Catnip can send some cats wild, while others barely notice it. Here’s how it works, the potential benefits and when to avoid it.

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Finn Byrne

Published: August 14, 2026 at 6:28 PM

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If you've ever watched a cat encounter catnip, you'll know the reaction can be pretty dramatic. One minute they're minding their own business, the next they're rolling around, rubbing against everything or tearing around the room.

But while your cat's response might make for an entertaining family moment, you may understandably wonder whether something capable of producing such a noticeable change in behaviour is actually safe.

The reassuring news is that catnip is generally considered safe for cats, according to veterinary expert Dr Heather Hoffmann. However, not every cat responds in the same way and there are circumstances where owners should be cautious. Here's what you need to know before introducing it to your pet.

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What is catnip and why do cats love it?

Catnip, or Nepeta cataria, is a herb originating from Europe and Asia. It contains several oils, including a compound called nepetalactone, which is responsible for its famous effect on cats.

When a cat smells catnip, nepetalactone interacts with its olfactory system, triggering signals in the brain that can produce characteristic behaviours such as rolling, rubbing and increased activity.

Cats can also eat catnip, although the response may be different.

What does catnip actually do to a cat?

Animal behaviour and veterinary medicine expert Dr Wailani Sung explains that a cat's response can depend on factors including its age, sex, temperament and genetics.

Some cats become noticeably energetic and playful. You might see them:

Rolling or rubbing against objects
Licking or chewing catnip toys
Becoming more vocal
Purring or meowing more than usual
Running around or becoming more playful

Others can have almost the opposite response and become sleepy or relaxed.

Research by biologist Dr Neil Todd found that sensitivity to catnip is genetically determined, which helps explain why some cats appear completely unimpressed by it.

Less commonly, cats can become overexcited or aggressive, while some may experience digestive upset.

How long does catnip last?

The response isn't permanent. According to Small Door Veterinary, the effects of smelling dried catnip typically last around five to 10 minutes, although individual cats vary.

The effects of eating fresh catnip may last considerably longer.

Repeated exposure can also lead to habituation, meaning your cat temporarily stops responding to it. So if that once irresistible catnip mouse suddenly loses its appeal, giving your pet a break from it may help.

Is catnip safe for cats?

Dr Heather Hoffmann says catnip is generally considered safe, but moderation is important.

If you're introducing catnip for the first time, start with a small amount and watch how your cat responds rather than giving them unrestricted access.

Kittens may not respond to catnip in the same way as adult cats, so it may have little effect on younger pets.

When should you avoid catnip?

Some cats can experience adverse reactions including vomiting, diarrhoea or excessive drooling.

Catnip is also not recommended for cats with a history of seizures or epilepsy. The source material advises avoiding it during pregnancy and nursing because research into its effects during these stages is limited.

If your cat has an existing health condition, is pregnant or nursing, or experiences an unusual reaction after encountering catnip, speak to your vet for individual advice.

It's also sensible to remove catnip if your pet becomes aggressive or so overexcited that their play could hurt another pet or member of the family.

Does catnip have any benefits?

For cats that enjoy it, catnip can provide stimulation and encourage play, which may be particularly useful for indoor cats.

It may also help create positive associations with toys and activities, giving owners another way to engage and play with their pet.

Catnip has also been studied for its insect-repelling properties. Research led by Dr Masao Miyazaki at Iwate University has investigated how compounds released when cats lick and chew catnip may help repel insects.

However, catnip shouldn't be treated as a replacement for veterinary-approved flea and tick prevention.

Can catnip help cats get along?

Catnip can encourage playful behaviour in some cats, and it may be tempting to use it when introducing a new feline member of the family.

But because individual responses vary, including occasional aggression or overexcitement, it's important to monitor interactions closely. Catnip shouldn't replace a gradual, carefully managed introduction between unfamiliar cats.

How much catnip should I give my cat?

There's no need to cover every toy in the house. When introducing it, a small pinch is a sensible starting point so you can see how your cat responds.

You can offer dried catnip directly or choose toys and scratching posts containing the herb.

Whatever form you choose, supervise your cat initially and remove it if you notice vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive drooling, aggression or any other concerning reaction.

What can I use if my cat doesn't like catnip?

Not every cat inherits a sensitivity to catnip, so an indifferent response is perfectly possible.

Alternatives include silver vine, valerian and certain types of honeysuckle, although these should also be introduced carefully and checked for suitability for your individual pet.

And you don't necessarily need a herb at all. Interactive toys, puzzle feeders, scratching posts and regular play sessions can all provide valuable stimulation.

The key is watching your cat's reaction rather than expecting the classic catnip response. If they enjoy it without unwanted effects, it can be another fun addition to playtime. If they're not interested, there are plenty of other ways to keep them entertained.

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Authors

Finn ByrneEcommerce Writer

Finn Byrne is a Digital Writer for Immediate Media. He works across several brands including The Recommended, RadioTimes.com, MadeforMums and BBC Gardeners’ World. Finn has previously written for publications including MyLondon, The Mirror, The Express, and The Star. When not writing Finn enjoys spending time on the football pitch and getting stuck into a book.